History of Flood Control in ChinaĪccording to the National Palace Museum, Taipei: “River engineering is a general term for government-initiated projects in regulating river courses, such as the construction of dams, the excavation of irrigation channels, the reinforcement of dikes, and river dredging. Has been promoted in order to secure stable resources for these activities, trying to mobilise fundsįrom multiple sources through loans, bonds, stocks and foundations investment is alsoĮncouraged from enterprises, private sector, foreign investors and the peasants in the form of However, since the 1980s a new approach in the fund raising In the past water resources development projects and the flood control programmes were mainlyįunded by the central government. As of 1992, the hydrological network and flooding monitoring system relied on 3,172 hydrological stations - which measured rainfall, water level and discharge - and 1,149 gauge stations and 15,368 rain gauges.
Its hydrological information and flood forecasting system plays a crucial role in transmitting the information to the public in a timely fashion. The Flood Proofing and Drought Defying Headquarters (FPDDHQ) has been instrumental in combating floods in China. However, since early 1980s water shortages have become major issues in China and pressure mainly from the hydro-power generation and irrigation sectors to maintain water supplies above flood control level during the flood season.Ī research program was set up in 2002 to address these issues. During flood seasons reservoirs kept water at flood control level (lower than usual so they could absorb extra water in the event of a flood) in order to ensure the safety of the hydraulic structure. Traditionally, in view of the frequent flood disasters in China’s history, emphasis was placed on flood control over water conservation. These pumps can also be used to suck up and store water that can be used to irrigate land during dry season. These have made significant contribution in areas where natural drainage is limited in the flood seasons.
Another important tool to reduce flood disasters is the use of, large pumping systems. Historically levees have been the mainstay of the flood control system, with lakes and low valleys - of which there are about 100 along the major rivers - take in the excessive flood waters produced is by large floods. On top of this a levee system with 250,000 kilometers of levees built in the middle and downstream reaches of rivers has beenĬonstructed, mainly to control the ordinary floods ( with a 10~20 years return period) and protect 34,000 square kilometers of farmland and 400 million people. Most of them have been built for for flood control integrated with irrigation and power generation. In regards to flood control systems, about 85,000 reservoirs of different sizes have been constructed in upstream reaches of rivers. See Separate Articles HEAVY RAIN AND FLOODS IN CHINA IN THE 2000s, 2010s AND 2020s WATER IN CHINA: WELLS, DEPLETED AQUIFERS AND LIMITED CONSERVATION ĭAMS IN CHINA: HYDROPOWER AND BIG PROJECTS AND DISASTERS Flood Control Infrastructure in China Zoning and slope surface and gully control. Among the focus of policies and guidelines related to this issue have been Have been made in soil and water conservation, particularly in up and mid-stream The main flood management strategies in China are: 1) storing flood-water in up stream areas as much as possible 2) protecting flood prone areas in middle and down stream reaches of major rivers against ordinary floods 3) using levees and storage and detention basins for handling the extraordinary floods and 4) employing flood preparedness and flood fighting before and during flood season and having a well organized emergency management system in place.įlood mitigation strategies are grouped under three main areas: 1) soil and water conservation,Ģ) building of flood control systems and 3) flood proofing. The use of land in this way has resulted in significant reductions in the storage and retention capacity of river basins and consequently greatly increased the likelihood of major flooding.
Over many centuries low-lying depressions, lakes and the flood plains have been reclaimed by the settlers to live on and grow crops due to pressure of population growth of adjacent areas. This is due to the fact that China has a huge population and its flood prone areas - in the middle and down stream areas of it seven major rivers - are densely populated. The approach towards flood management and control in China is comprehensive and complex.
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